Tables without primary key(s)

We will go over how we can add primary key(s) to tables that do not have them.

Why do we only replicate tables with primary key(s)?

1. We need a way to uniquely identify each row as we use the primary key(s) as the partition key in Kafka to guarantee ordering.

2. For us to guarantee data integrity, we perform MERGE with the table's primary key(s)

Scenario #1: I already have pseudo primary key(s)

Let's use the example of users_no_pk as our example.

CREATE TABLE users_no_pk (
    email VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
    first_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    last_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
);

Email is unique, however not the primary key. To make email unique, we'll run the following command:

ALTER TABLE users_no_pk ADD PRIMARY KEY (email);

Scenario #2: How do I add primary key(s) to an existing table?

Let's use this table no_primary_keys as our example.

CREATE TABLE no_primary_keys (
	key VARCHAR(5),
	value bool
);

INSERT INTO no_primary_keys (key, value) VALUES ('foo', true), ('bar', false);

postgres=# select * from no_primary_keys;
 key | value
-----+------
 bar | f    
 foo | f  
(2 rows)

To add a primary key, we will now issue this DDL query:

ALTER TABLE no_primary_keys ADD COLUMN pk SERIAL PRIMARY KEY;
-- This will automatically backfill the existing rows and start a sequence
-- Such that subsequent rows will automatically have a primary key value.

postgres=# select * from no_primary_keys;
 key | value | pk
-----+-------+----
 bar | f     |  2
 foo | f     |  1
(2 rows)

-- No code changes required on your application side as you can
-- continue inserting data w/o referencing primary keys
INSERT INTO no_primary_keys (key, value) VALUES ('qux', false);

postgres=# select * from no_primary_keys;
 key | value | pk
-----+-------+----
 bar | f     |  2
 foo | f     |  1
 qux | f     |  3
(3 rows)